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Proserpine (Paisiello)
''Proserpine'' is a French-language opera by the Italian composer Giovanni Paisiello. It takes the form of a ''tragédie lyrique'' in three acts. The libretto, by Nicolas-François Guillard, is a reworking of Philippe Quinault's ''Proserpine''. Paisiello's opera was first performed on 28 March 1803 at the Paris Opéra.
==Background==
Paisiello was the favourite composer of Napoleon Bonaparte. When Napoleon became First Consul of France in 1801, he invited Paisiello to Paris to become his private ''maître de chapelle''. The seventy-one-year-old musician was reluctant to leave Naples but King Ferdinand IV pressured him to agree in order to help Franco-Neapolitan diplomatic relations.〔Blanchetti, pp. 1055-1056〕
Paisiello arrived in Paris in 1802. Here the Opéra proposed he should write a setting of Guillard's reworking of ''Proserpine'', a libretto by Philippe Quinault originally set by Jean-Baptiste Lully and premiered in 1680. The fashion for such reworkings had emerged in the late 18th century. Examples include Gluck's ''Armide'' (1777) and J.C. Bach's ''Amadis de Gaule'' (1779). Lully and Quinault were considered the founders of the ''tragédie lyrique'', the genre which was the heart of serious French opera, but by the Classical period Lully's music seemed dated. Reusing Quinault's libretti was a way of asserting the continuity of the national musical tradition and ensuring foreign composers, such as Gluck and Paisiello, were tied into it.〔Pierre Serié, pp. 74-76〕 Guillard, following the fashionable model of Metastasian drama, reduced Quinault's libretto from five to three acts,〔Serié, p. 76〕 concentrating the action on the main plot, the god Pluto's abduction of Proserpina.〔Blanchetti, pp. 1055-1056〕
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